Vitamin toxicity in newborns

Vitamin Toxicity:

Excess vitamin A: Anomalies (teratogenic)
Excess vitamin E: Enterocolitis (necrotizing enterocolitis)
Excess vitamin K: Kernicterus (hemolysis)

Neonatal jaundice

"HOT BILE"

Frequent causes of unconjugated neonatal jaundice:

Hereditary sphaerocytosis
Obstruction of bowel
Thalassaemia alpha
Blood group incompatibility
Infection
Lucey-Discroll syndrome
Enzyme deficiency (G6PD,PK)

Frequent causes of haemolytic neonatal jaundice at 24 hours of age:

RAGS

Rhesus incompatibility
ABO incompatibility
G6PD deficiency
Spherocytosis

Frequent causes of neonatal jaundice caused by increased bilirubin production):

FIRST

Feto maternal blood incomptability e.g. Rh or ABO
Infections, Increased enterohepatic circulation (large bowel obstruction)
Red Cell enzymopathies: (G6PD or Pyruvate kinase deficiency)
Spherocytosis hereditary
Thalassemia alpha

Congenital pyloric stenosis

3 Ps

Presentation of congenital pyloric stenosis:

Palpable mass
Paristalsis visible
Projectile vomiting (2-4 weeks after birth)

Necrotising enterocolitis

HAT

Triad of laboratory results in necrotizing enterocolitis:

Hyponatremia
Acidosis (metabolic)
Thrombocytopenia

Essential Amino acids

CAT

Additional essential amino acids in preterm babies:

Cystine
Arginine
Taurine

Benefits of breast feeding

ABCDEFGH

Benefits of breastfeeding:

Infant:

Allergic condition reduced
Best food for infant
Close relationship with mother
Development of IQ, jaws, mouth

Mother:

Economical
Fitness: quick return to pre-pregnancy body shape
Guards against cancer: breast, ovary, uterus
Haemorrhage (postpartum) reduced

Breast feeding : contraindicated drugs

BREAST

Breast feeding: contraindicated drugs:

Bromocriptine/ Benzodiazepines
Radioactive isotopes/ Rizatriptan
Ergotamine/ Ethosuximide
Amiodarone/ Amphetamines
Stimulant laxatives/ Sex hormones
Tetracycline/ Tretinoin