Nematodes in intestines

sharedd by  Nirav Parmar

 

Nematodes in intestines.
Small intestine : NASA -

necator
ancylostoma
strongyloids
ascaris

large intestine ET :
enterobius
trichura

Oncogenic viruses

Oncogenic viruses :

DNA viruses

'HE is my PAPa'

Hepatitis B virus
Epstein Barr virus
Pox virus
Adenovirus
Pappilloma virus

RNA viruses

'His Salary Feeds Me'

Human T cell leukemia virus
Sarcoma viruses
Feline Leukemia virus
Mammary tumor virus

Clonorchis sinensis

The 'C's of Clonorchis sinensis :
Also called Chinese liver fluke Causes the following:
Cholangio carcinoma
Ca Pancreas
Calculi
Cirrhosis Liver
Cholangitis Cyprinoid fish is the intermediate host
Definite host are fish eaters - Cat, Dog, Man
The infective form is enCysted metaCerCaria

Day of appearance of rash in a febrile patient – Mnemonic

Mnemonic for Day of appearance of rash in a febrile patient is : Very Sick Person Must Take Double Tablets
Very – Varicella (day 1)
Sick – Scarlet fever (day 2)
Person – Pox – small pox (day 3)
Must – Measles (day 4)
Take – Typhus (day 5)
Double – Dengue (day 6)
Tablets – Typhoid (day 7)

Antinuclear Antibody +ve

4 S

- SLE
- systemic sclerosis
- sjorgen syndrome
.- sometimes normal

Trichomaniasis: features

5 F's:
Flagella
Frothy discharge
Fishy odor (sometimes) Fornication (STD)
Flagyl (metronidazole) Rx

Common Pathogens in Cystitis

'KEEPS'

•Klebsiella sp.
•E.coli (90%), other Gram negatives
•Enterococci•Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas
•S. saprophyticus, S. fecalis

WBC Count:

"Nobody Likes My Educational Background"

"60, 30, 6, 3, 1"

Neutrophils 60%
Lymphocytes 30%Monocytes 6%
Eosinophils 3%
Basophils 1%

Investigations of Typhoid fever

BASU


1st week - Blood culture
2nd week -Agglutination test
3rd week -Stool culture
4th week - Urine culture 

Immunoglobulins -Order of appearance

'IMmunoGlobulin'
IgM appears first in response to antigens followed by IgG.

IgM antibodies appear early in the course of an infection and usually reappear, to a less extent, after further exposure. IgM antibodies cannot pass through human placenta. These two biological properties of IgM make it useful in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Demonstrating IgM antibodies in a patient's serum indicates recent infection, or in a neonate's serum indicates intrauterine infection (e.g. congenital rubella).

Leprosy: early signs diagnostic criteria

"LEProsy":
Loss of sensation in affected skin/ Loss of function (paralysis)
Enlargement of affected superficial nerves (tender too)
Positive identification of M. leprae under microscope

Catalase positive organims

 SPACE:
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas
Aspergillus
Candida
Enterobacter

Streptococcus pneumoniae: diseases caused

COMPS:
Conjunctivitis
Otitis media
Meningitis
Pneumonia
Sinusitis

Diphtheria toxin properties

ABCDEF:
A/B-type toxin. Made by
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which binds to
EF-2 (elongation factor 2).

Syphilis vs. H. ducreyi (chancroid): which ulcer is painful

"In du-crey-i, you do cry (because it is painful)":
In H. ducreyi, the ulcer is painful, in syphilis the ulcer is painless

Meningitis: most common organisms

 NHS:
Neisseria meningitidis
Hemophilus Influenzae
Streptococcus pneumonia
·The cause of the most Severe meningitis is Streptococcus.
· Note: NHS is an acronym for National Health Service in several countries.

Pneumonia: causes: gram negative vs. gram positive

Gram Negatives (eg coliforms) are responsible mainly for Nosocomial pneumonia.
Gram positives (eg strep pneumonia, staph) are thus more responsible for community acquired pneumonia

Capsulated microbes

 "Some Nasty Killers Have Some Capsule Protection":
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Klebsiella pnemoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Salmonella typhi
Cryptococcus neoformans
Pseudomanas aerigenosa

Hepatitis: transmission routes

"Vowels are bowels":
Hepatitis A and E transmitted by fecal-oral route.

Typhus: Epidemic Typhus: etiologic agent, vector

ePidemic typhus:
Etiological agent: Rickettsia Prowazekii.
Vector: Pediculus corporis (human body louse).
· This is in contrast to Endemic typhus.