Prenatal diagnosis with weeks of pregnancy

(shared by 'Target pg')

can any one make coffee for {me}
10-12-14-16-18




chorionic villus sampling.-10-12 [transabdominally from 10 wk to term]

amniocentesis 14-16

maternal blood 16-18

cordocentesis fetal blood 18-20

5 P's of Septic Abortion

5 P's of Septic Abortion ( clinical features)
P- Pyrexia
P- Pain in abdomen
P- Pulse rate increase: 100-200/min
P- Purulent vaginal discharge
P- Pelvic findings: Patulous os or a boggy feel of the uterus

Antihypertensives contraindicated in pregnancy

DARSAN '

• Diuretics
• Angiotensin I antagonists
• Reserpine
• Sodium nitroprusside
• ACE inhibitors
• Non selective β blockers

Alpha feto protein in blood, is seen in

 "OLD Test"

• Obituary - foetal death
• Liver - hepatomas
• Defects - neural tube defects 
• Testicular tumours

lymphatic supply of uterus,cervix

mnemonic is- USA, ME, LIES
U Upper-S superficial inguinal A aortic
M middle- E external iliac
L lower- I internal iliac, E external iliac, S sacral(lower part of uterus can also be asked as - lymphatic supply of cervix)

Miscarriage: recurrent miscarriage causes

RIBCAGE:
Radiation
Immune reaction
Bugs (infection)
Cervical incompetence
Anatomical anomaly (uterine septum etc.)
Genetic (aneuploidy, balanced translocation etc.)
Endocrin

Multiple pregnancy complications

 HI, PAPA:
Hydramnios (Poly)
IUGR
Preterm labour
Antepartum haemorrhage
Pre-eclampsia
Abortion

Shoulder dystocia:

 management HELPER:
Call for Help
Episiotomy
Legs up [McRoberts position]
Pressure subrapubically [not on fundus]
Enter vagina for shoulder rotation
Reach for posterior shoulder and deliver posterior shoulder/ Return head into vagina [Zavanelli maneuver] for C-section/ Rupture clavicle or pubic symphysis

Postpartum hemorrhage: Risk factors

"PARTUM"

• Prolonged labour/ Polyhydramnios/ Previous caesarean
• APH
• Recent history of bleeding
• Twins (Multiple pregnancy)
• Uterine fibroids
• Multiparity

Criteria for FORCEPS:delivery

Foetus alive
Os dilated
Ruptured membrane, Rotation complete
Cervix taken up
Engagement of head
Presentation suitable
Sagittal suture in AP diameter of inlet

Preeclampsia: classic triad

PREeclampsia:
Proteinuria
Rising blood pressure
Edema

PROSTAGLANDINS confusion

A)All have "1 MISS"
means
MISoprostol is PGE1.

B)cErviprimE has 2E so
cErviprimE is PGE2.

C)DInoproSTONE
DI=2
Remember that "stonE" in both(2) kidney n "stonE" has "E".
So DINOPROSTONE is PGE2.

D)DINO mario has 2 FArari CAR.
DINO-DINOPROST
2 FArari-F2A [A for Alpha]
CAR-CARBOPROST
so
DINOPROST n CARBOPROST r PGF2alpha

Note: DINOPROSTONE is PGE2 which is remember by 2 kidney stonE bt DINOPROST is PGF2alpha.

Spontaneous abortion: definition

"Spontaneous abortion" has less than 20 letters [it's exactly 19 letters].
Spontaneous abortion is defined as delivery or loss of products of conception at less than 20 weeks gestation.

pge1

USES OF PGE1- (MISOPROST) P-PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSIS G-GASTRIC ULCER E-EXPULSION OF FOETUS i.e. MTP 1-IMPOTENCY

"Spontaneous abortion" has less than 20 letters [it's exactly 19 letters].
Spontaneous abortion is defined as delivery or loss of products of conception at less than 20 weeks gestation.

Alpha-fetoprotein: causes for increased maternal serum AFP during pregnancy

"Increased Maternal Serum Alpha Feto Protein":

Intestinal obstruction
Multiple gestation/ Miscalculation of gestational age/ Myeloschisis
Spina bifida cystica
Anencephaly/ Abdominal wall defect
Fetal death
Placental abruption

Oral contraceptive complications:

 warning signs ACHES:
Abdominal pain
Chest pain
Headache (severe)
Eye (blurred vision)
Sharp leg pain

CVS and amniocentesis: when performed

 "Chorionic" has 9 letters and Chorionic villus sampling performed at 9 weeks gestation.
"AlphaFetoProtein" has 16 letters and it's measured at 16 weeks gestation.

Postpartum collapse: causes

HEPARINS:
Hemorrhage
Eclampsia
Pulmonary embolism
Amniotic fluid embolism
Regional anaethetic complications
Infarction (MI)
Neurogenic shock
Septic shock

Gestation period, oocytes, vaginal pH, menstrual cycle:

normal numbers 4 is the normal pH of the vagina.
40 weeks is the normal gestation period.
400 oocytes released between menarche and menopause.
400,000 oocytes present at puberty.
28 days in a normal menstrual cycle.
280 days (from last normal menstrual period) in a normal gestation period.