Beneficial actions due to PG synthesis inhibition

shared by  Siddhartha Barnawal

  5 A's

Analgesia : Prevention of pain nerve ending sensitization
Antipyresis
Antiinflammatory
Antithrombotic
Arteriosus-Ductus closure in Newborns (Its infact Ductus Arteriosus but to fit in mnemonic i used Arteriosus ductus here)

Causes of Osteoporosis

Causes of osteoporosis are ACCESS :

Alcohol
Corticosteroids
Calcium deficiency (low intake)
Estrogen deficiency
Smoking
Sedentary Lifestyle

Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome

 

 

shared by  DrAhmad Abusham

 

C - Central obesity, Cervical fat pads, Collagen fibre weakness, Comedones (acne)
U - Urinary free cortisol and glucose increase
S - Striae, Suppressed immunity 

.H - Hypercortisolism, Hypertension, Hyperglycemia, Hypercholesterolemia, Hirsutism
I - Iatrogenic (Increased administration of corticosteroids)
N - Noniatrogenic (Neoplasms)
G - Glucose intolerance, Growth retardation

Corticosteroids: Side effects

 (shared by Syed Asif Bukhari )

CORTICOSTERIODS

C-cushings syndrome
O-osteoporosis
R-retardation of growth
T-thin skin n easy brusibility
I-infections n immunosupression
C-cataract n glaucoma
O-odema
S-supression of HPA axis
T-thining n ulceration of gastric mucosa
E-Emotional disturbance
R-rise in BP
I-Increase in hair growth(hirsuitism)
O-otherz like fetal abnormalties n hypokalemia
D-diabetes mellitus precipitation
S-stria

Parkinson's disease

(shared by  Zeeshan Sayani )  

 

SMART

 

SHUFFLING GAIT(AKA FESTINANT GAIT),

MASK LIKE FACIES, 

AKINESIA(OR BRADYKINESIA),

RIGIDITY, 

TREMOR AT REST.

WBC Count:

"Nobody Likes My Educational Background"

"60, 30, 6, 3, 1"

Neutrophils 60%
Lymphocytes 30%Monocytes 6%
Eosinophils 3%
Basophils 1%

Hyperthyroidism: signs and symptoms

 THYROIDISM:
Tremor
Heart rate up
Yawning [fatigability]
Restlessness
Oligomenorrhea & amenorrhea
Intolerance to heat
Diarrhoea
Irritability
Sweating
Musle wasting & weight loss

Wolf Parkinson''s White Syndrome

WPW Syndrome - on ECG

Type A = QRS Above Baseline

Type B = QRS Below Baseline

Aldosterone: regulation of secretion from adrenal cortex

 RNAs
Renin-angiotensin m echanism
Na concentraton in blood
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
Stress

Fluid compartments: volumes

 12345:
12 liters of interstitial fluid
3 liters plasma volume and 30 liters inside cells
45 liters total body water

Alkalosis vs. acidosis: directions of pH and HCO3

 ROME:
Respiratory= Opposite:
· pH is high, PCO2 is down (Alkalosis).
· pH is low, PCO2 is up (Acidosis).
Metabolic= Equal:
· pH is high, HCO3 is high (Alkalosis).
· pH is low, HCO3 is low (Acidosis).

Hb-oxygen dissociation curve shifts: effect, location

Left shift: causes Loading of O2 in Lungs.
Right shift: causes Release of O2 from Hb.

Gut intrinsic innervation:

 myenteric plexus vs. submucosal plexus function Myenteric: Motility.
Submucosal: Secretion and blood flow

ORDER OF EVENTS AT PUBERTY

"The Prime Minister" The - Thelarche Prime - Pubarche Minister - Menarche

Progesterone: actions

 PROGESTE:
Produce cervical mucous
Relax uterine smooth muscle
Oxycotin sensitivity down
Gonadotropin [FSH, LH] secretions down
Endometrial spiral arteries and secretions up
Sustain pregnancy
Temperature up / Tit development
Excitability of myometrium down

Compliance of lungs factors

 COMPLIANCE:
Collagen deposition (fibrosis)
Ossification of costal cartilages
Major obesity
Pulmonary venous congestion
Lung size
Increased expanding pressure
Age
No surfactant
Chest wall scarring
Emphysema
· All but L/A/E decrease compliance

Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve: Causes of shift to right

CADET, face Right!

• CO2  
• Acid
• 2,3-DPG(aka 2,3-BPG)
• Exercise
• Temperature

Left shift of the Oxygen dissociation curve denotes Hemoglobin's increased affinity for oxygen (as in lungs) & right shift is a sign of decreased affinity

Muscle spindle:Origin of Primary and Secondary endings

"1 from 1, 2 from 2"

• Primary ending is from Group Ia.
• Secondary ending from Group II.

Intrinsic vs. extrinsic pathway tests

PeT  & PiTT

PeT: PT is for extrinsic pathway. 

PiTTl: PTT is for intrinsic pathway

MAO isoenzymes:Location

MAO-A in:

• Adrenergic peripheral structures
• Alimentary mucosa [intestine]

MAO-B in:

• Brain
• Blood platelets