GI bleeding: causes

shared by  Era's lucknow medical college and hospital

ABCDEFGHI:
Angiodysplasia
Bowel cancer
Colitis

Diverticulitis/ Duodenal ulcer
Epitaxis/ Esophageal (cancer, esophagitis, varices)
Fistula (anal, aortaenteric)
Gastric (cancer, ulcer, gastritis)
Hemorrhoids
Infectious diarrhoea/ IBD/ Ischemic bowel

Drugs causing pancreatitis (complete list)

shared by  Iqbal Bashir

GLAD Organ Pancreas iS Traumatised n Destroyed Very Much

Glucocorticoids
L-asparaginase

Alcohol
Diuretics
Ocp's
Pentamidine
Sulfonamides
Didanosine
Tetracyclines

Valproate
Methyldopa

Biliary tract Lesions:

shared by Ankit Patel

Pain - Cholelithiasis
Pain + Pyrexia - Acute Cholecystitis
Pain + Jaundice - Choledocholithiasis

Pain + Pyrexia + Jaundice (Charcot's triad) - Ascending Cholangitis

Credit goes to Dr. Barone.

Ulcerative colitis: definition of a severe attack

A STATE:
Anemia less than 10g/dl
Stool frequency greater than 6 stools/day with blood
Temperature greater than 37.5
Albumin less than 30g/L
Tachycardia greater than 90bpm
ESR greater than 30mm/hr

Pancreatitis: criteria

PANCREAS:
PaO2 below 8
Age >55
Neutrophils: WCC >15
Calcium below 2
Renal: Urea >16
Enzymes: LDH >600; AST >200
Albumin below 32
Sugar: Glucose >10 (unless diabetic patient)

Crohn's disease: morphology, symptoms

 CHRISTMAS:
Cobblestones
High temperature
Reduced lumen
Intestinal fistulae
Skip lesions
Transmural (all layers, may ulcerate)
Malabsorption
Abdominal pain
Submucosal fibrosis

Cirrhosis: differential: common and rarer

· Common causes are ABC:
Alcohol
B (Hepatitis)
C (Hepatitis)
· Rarer are also ABC:
Autoimmune
Biliary cirrhosis
Copper (Wilson's)

Charcot's triad (gallstones)

"Charge a FEE":
Charcot's triad is:
Fever
Epigastric & RUQ pain
Emesis & nausea

Ulcerative colitis: complications

 "PAST Colitis":
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Ankylosing spondylitis
Sclerosing pericholangitis
Toxic megacolon
Colon carcinoma

Charcot's triad (gallstones)

"Charcot's Triad is 3 C's":
Color change (jaundice)
Colic (biliary) pain, aka RUQ pain
Chills and fever

Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) cause is DNA mismatch repair

 DNA mismatch causes a bubble in the strand where the two nucleotides don't match.
This looks like the ensuing polyps that arise in the colon.

Dry mouth: differential

"DRI":
·2 of each:
Drugs/ Dehydration
Renal failure/ Radiotherapy
Immunological (Sjogren's)/ Intense emotions

Splenomegaly: causes

CHIMP:
Cysts
Haematological ( eg CML, myelofibrosis)
Infective (eg viral (IM), bacterial)
Metabolic/ Misc (eg amyloid, Gauchers)
Portal hypertension

Diabetic ketoacidosis: precipitating factors

· 5 I's:
Infection
Ischaemia (cardiac, mesenteric)
Infarction
Ignorance (poor control)
Intoxication (alcohol)

Cholangitis features

CHOLANGITITS:
Charcot's triad/ Conjugated bilirubin increase
Hepatic abscesses/ Hepatic (intra/extra) bile ducts/ HLA B8, DR3
Obstruction
Leukocytosis
Alkaline phosphatase increase
Neoplasms
Gallstones
Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis)
Transaminase increase
Infection
Sclerosing

Vomiting: extra GI differential

VOMITING:
Vestibular disturbance/ Vagal (reflex pain)
Opiates
Migrane/ Metabolic (DKA, gastroparesis, hypercalcemia)
Infections
Toxicity (cytotoxic, digitalis toxicity)
Increased ICP, Ingested alcohol
Neurogenic, psychogenic
Gestation

Pancreatitis: Ranson criteria for pancreatitis at admission

 LEGAL:
Leukocytes > 16.000
Enzyme AST > 250
Glucose > 200
Age > 55
LDH > 350

Constipation: causes

 DOPED:
Drugs (eg opiates)
Obstruction (eg IBD, cancer)
Pain
Endocrine (eg hypothyroid)
Depression

Haemachromatosis complications

"HaemoChromatosis Can Cause Deposits Anywhere":
Hypogonadism
Cancer (hepatocellular)
Cirrhosis
Cardiomyopathy
Diabetes mellitus
Arthropathy

Hepatic encephalopathy: precipitating factors

 ABCDEFI:
Alcohol withdrawal
Bleeding (GI)
Constipation
Drugs: withdraw any sedatives/narcotics
Electrolyte imbalances
Fluid depletion: stop diuretics
Infections: treat vigorously