Causes of upper lobe fibrosis of the lung

CHARTS

C - coal worker pneumoconiosis
H - histiocytosis
A - allergic bronchopulmonary aspergilosis (ABPA), ankylosing spondylitis
R - radiation
T - tuberculosis
S - silicosis, sarcoidosis

Strachan s syndrome

SPADE

SPinal ataxia

optic Atrophy

nerve Deafness

Cutaneus Receptors / Functions

MM

Meissner s corpuscle --> Mild touch

PP

Pacini corpuscle --> Pressuure

MARFANS

Remember the systemic features of Marfan syndrome with

MARFANS

Mitral prolapse
Aortic dissection
Regurgitant aortic valve
Fingers long (arachnodactyly)
Arm span>height
Nasal voice (high arched palate)
Sternal excavation
 

Wernicke syndrome

WELCOME TO GOA

WErnicke syndrome is

Triad of

Global confusion

Opthalmoplegia

Ataxia

Honey Comb appearance on Chest X-ray

'CD SPLINTER'

 

Cystic fibrosis, Cystic bronchiectasis
Drugs : Busulphan, Bleomycin, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan and Nitrofurantoin

 

Scleroderma

Pneumoconioses
Langerhan cell histiocytosis 

Interstitial lung diseases, Idiopathic interstitial fibrosis ( Fibrosing necrotizing alveolitis )
Neurofibromatosis 

Tuberous sclerosis 

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Chest X-ray

The main regions where a chest X-ray may identify problems may be summarized as ABCDEF by their first letters:

• Airways, including hilar adenopathy or enlargement
• Breast shadows
• Bones, e.g. rib fractures and lytic bone lesions
• Cardiac silhoutte, detecting cardiac enlargement
• Costophrenic angles, including pleural effusions
• Diaphragm, e.g. evidence of free air
• Edges, e.g. apices for fibrosis, pneumothorax, pleural thickening or plaques
• Extrathoracic tissues
• Fields (lung parenchyma), being evidence of alveolar filling
• Failure, e.g. alveolar air space disease with prominent vascularity with or without pleural effusions

Murmurs: right vs. left loudness

There is 'I' in the word 'RIGHT'.. So right sided murmurs are better heard during Inspiration

There is 'E' in the word 'LEFT'.. So left sided murmurs are better heard during Expiration

Blot tests

shared by Taishan Medical University

 

SNOW DROP

S-southern blot : DNA (D)
N-northern blot: RNA (R)
0:-------------------------- (O)
W:western blot: proteins (P)

GI bleeding: causes

shared by  Era's lucknow medical college and hospital

ABCDEFGHI:
Angiodysplasia
Bowel cancer
Colitis

Diverticulitis/ Duodenal ulcer
Epitaxis/ Esophageal (cancer, esophagitis, varices)
Fistula (anal, aortaenteric)
Gastric (cancer, ulcer, gastritis)
Hemorrhoids
Infectious diarrhoea/ IBD/ Ischemic bowel

Heart failure: signs & symptoms

shared by  Abdishakour Ibrahim

 

Heart failure: signs

TAPED TORCH:

T achycardia
A scites
P ulsus alternans

E levated jugular venous pressure
D isplaced apex beat

T hird heart sound
O edema
R ight ventricular heave
C repitations or wheeze
H epatomegaly (tender).

Peripheral signs of aortic regurgitation

(Thanks to  Saurabh Patel)

 

ARathi Got Low Quality BCG, DPT & MMR from PHC

AR- Aortic Regurgitation

G=gerhard sign

L=landolfis sign, lighthouse sign

Q=quinckes sign

B=becker sign
C=corrigans neck sign
G=gerhard sign

 

D=de mussets sign, duroziez sign
P=pistol shot femorals, pulse pressure wide

T=traubes sign
 

M=muller sign
M=mayne sign
R=rosenbch sign
 

P=pulsus bisferiens
H=hills sign
C=collapsing pulse(corrigans pulse)

Differentials Of "FLEA BITTEN KIDNEY"

(Thanks to Anuthara Charms )

Differentials Of "FLEA BITTEN KIDNEY"- 

 

We Hate PSM (or SPM)

W- Wegener's granulomatosis
H- Henoch schonlein purpura P- Post-streptococcal  Glomerulonephritis (PSGN). Polyarteritis nodosa
S- Sub acute bacterial endocarditis (SABE), SLE, Syndrome of Good Pasteur
M- Malignant hypertension.

Drugs causing pancreatitis (complete list)

shared by  Iqbal Bashir

GLAD Organ Pancreas iS Traumatised n Destroyed Very Much

Glucocorticoids
L-asparaginase

Alcohol
Diuretics
Ocp's
Pentamidine
Sulfonamides
Didanosine
Tetracyclines

Valproate
Methyldopa

Symptoms of Aortic Stenosis

shared by Jai Maitra

ASha bhosle is SAD :(

AS (aortic stenosis)

SYNCOPE
ANGINA
DYSPNOEA

Causes of Chronic Diarrhoea

Remember the 5 Cs as Causes of Chronic diarrhoea: (there are more causes to be added)

Crohn's disease
Colitis (Ulcerative) or Ulcerative Colitis
Coeliac diseases
Cystic fibrosis
Cow's milk intolerance

Fragile X Syndrome

M's of fragile-X Syndrome:

Male
Mental retardation
Macro orchidism
Mutation in FMR1 gene (caused by Methylation of part of chromosome)
Multiple CGG repeats
Maxillary excess (Long face)
Muscle tone decreased
Mothers (females) are obligatory carriers

Myocardial infarction

Definition (CAP)

• Evidence of myocardial necrosis with any 1 of the following:

1. Cardiac biomarkers (pref. Troponins) showing sudden rise or fall
2. Sudden unexpected cardiac death involving cardiac Arrest
3. Pathological findings of acute MI

 

Signs of MI (windows VISTA)

1. Vagal activation (vomiting, bradycardia)
2. Impaired myocard. Func. (s1,s2 soft; hypotension; inc. JVP; Oliguria; Cold, clammy skin)
3. Sympathetic activation (Pallor, sweating, tachycardia)
4. Tissue damage (Low grade fever)
5. A complication (MR / VSD producing pansystolic murmur

Enzymes elevated in MI (TALC - talcum powder)

1.  Troponin T/I
2.  AST
3.  LDH
4.  CK-MB

Complications of MI

• Immediate (RAILgaadi)

a) RV infarction
b) Arrythmias (VT, AF, VF) - may also be due to I.v. Xylocaine overdose
c) LHF

• Early (PSVT ka MELA laga hua hai !!)

a) Pericarditis

b) Sudden death

c) VSD

d) Thromboembolic complications (Pulmonary, Arterial)

e) MR (Papillary muscle dysfunction or rupture)

f)  LV free wall rupture (Pericardial tamponade)

g) Arterial compl. (same as mentioned in d) )

 

•  Late (PADS)

a) Psychological reaction (DADDA- Denial, Acceptance, Dependency, Depression, Adjustment - this is from earliest change to last)
b) Arrythmias (ventricular like VF, VT)
c) Dressler’s syndrome (Autoimmune phenomenon characterized by fever, pericarditis, pleuritis, pneumonitis)
d) Shoulder (Frozen shoulder) – Pain n stiffness of left shoulde

Causes of Osteoporosis

Causes of osteoporosis are ACCESS :

Alcohol
Corticosteroids
Calcium deficiency (low intake)
Estrogen deficiency
Smoking
Sedentary Lifestyle

Day of appearance of rash in a febrile patient – Mnemonic

Mnemonic for Day of appearance of rash in a febrile patient is : Very Sick Person Must Take Double Tablets
Very – Varicella (day 1)
Sick – Scarlet fever (day 2)
Person – Pox – small pox (day 3)
Must – Measles (day 4)
Take – Typhus (day 5)
Double – Dengue (day 6)
Tablets – Typhoid (day 7)