BIG- M

BIG-M Barium enema for Dx/Rx of Intususseption Gastrograffin enema for Dx/Rx of Meconium ileus.

Neonatal distress

1. THE MISFITS
   1. Tumor, Thermal, Trauma (non-accidental Trauma)
   2. Heart disease, hypovolemia, or Hypoxia
   3. Endocrine
      1. Hyperthyroidism
      2. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
   4. Metabolic disease
      1. Electrolyte disturbances
   5. Inborn Errors of Metabolism
   6. Sepsis
   7. Formula or Feeding abnormalities (Too concentrated or dilute)
   8. Intestinal Emergencies
      1. Volvulus
      2. Intussusception
      3. Necrotizing Enterocolitis
      4. Incarcerated Hernia
      5. Diaphragmatic Hernia
   9. Toxins
   10. Seizures

Russell - Silver syndrome

ABCDEF

Russell-Silver syndrome features:

Asymmetric limb (hemihypertrophy)
Bossing (frontal)
Clinodactyly / Cafe au lait spots
Dwarf (short stature)
Excretion (GU malformation)
Face (triangular face, micrognathia)

Cranial deformities

Cranial deformities

BOSCA

Brachcephaly
Oxycephaly
Scaphocephaly, Saggital sutures
Coronal
All Sutures closed

Vitamin toxicity in newborns

Vitamin Toxicity:

Excess vitamin A: Anomalies (teratogenic)
Excess vitamin E: Enterocolitis (necrotizing enterocolitis)
Excess vitamin K: Kernicterus (hemolysis)

Neonatal jaundice

"HOT BILE"

Frequent causes of unconjugated neonatal jaundice:

Hereditary sphaerocytosis
Obstruction of bowel
Thalassaemia alpha
Blood group incompatibility
Infection
Lucey-Discroll syndrome
Enzyme deficiency (G6PD,PK)

Frequent causes of haemolytic neonatal jaundice at 24 hours of age:

RAGS

Rhesus incompatibility
ABO incompatibility
G6PD deficiency
Spherocytosis

Frequent causes of neonatal jaundice caused by increased bilirubin production):

FIRST

Feto maternal blood incomptability e.g. Rh or ABO
Infections, Increased enterohepatic circulation (large bowel obstruction)
Red Cell enzymopathies: (G6PD or Pyruvate kinase deficiency)
Spherocytosis hereditary
Thalassemia alpha

Congenital pyloric stenosis

3 Ps

Presentation of congenital pyloric stenosis:

Palpable mass
Paristalsis visible
Projectile vomiting (2-4 weeks after birth)

Necrotising enterocolitis

HAT

Triad of laboratory results in necrotizing enterocolitis:

Hyponatremia
Acidosis (metabolic)
Thrombocytopenia

Essential Amino acids

CAT

Additional essential amino acids in preterm babies:

Cystine
Arginine
Taurine

Benefits of breast feeding

ABCDEFGH

Benefits of breastfeeding:

Infant:

Allergic condition reduced
Best food for infant
Close relationship with mother
Development of IQ, jaws, mouth

Mother:

Economical
Fitness: quick return to pre-pregnancy body shape
Guards against cancer: breast, ovary, uterus
Haemorrhage (postpartum) reduced