Hemorrhagic metastases

Hemorrhagic metastases

MR CT BB
Melanoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Choriocarcinoma
Thyroid carcinoma, Teratoma
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Breast carcinoma

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Cerebral ring enhancing lesions

Cerebral ring enhancing lesions

MAGIC DR
Metastases
Abscess
Glioma
Infarction (resolving)
Contusion/hematoma (resolving)
Demyelinating disease
Radiation necrosis

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Avascular necrosis

PLASTIC RAGS
Pancreatitis
Lupus
Alcohol
Steroids
Trauma
Idiopathic, Infection
Caisson disease, Collagen vascular disease
Radiation, Rheumatoid arthritis
Amyloid
Gaucher disease
Sickle cell disease

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Pulmonary fibrosis

Predominantly upper lobe pulmonary fibrosis

CASSET P
Cystic fibrosis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Silicosis
Sarcoidosis
Eosinophilic granuloma
Tuberculosis
PCP

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Papillary necrosis

Papillary necrosis (causes in order of incidence)

AD SPORT C
Analgesic abuse
Diabetes mellitus
Sickle cell disease
Pyelonephritis (especially in children)
Obstruction
Renal vein thrombosis
Tuberculosis (not usually confined to the papillae)
Cirrhosis

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Posterior fossa tumours in children

BEAM
Brainstem glioma
Ependymoma
Astrocytoma (pilocytic) - 85%
Medulloblastoma

Cerebellopontine angle masses

Cerebellopontine angle masses

SAME
Schwannoma (Acoustic >> Trigeminal)
Aneurysm, Arachnoid cyst
Meningioma, Metastasis
Epidermoid cyst, Ependymoma

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Salter Harris Classification

SALTR
Slipped (Type I)
Above (Type II) - 75% Meta
Lower (Type III) Epi
Through (Type IV) Both
Rammed (Type V) Crush

Elbow ossification

Elbow ossification centers, in sequence CRITOE:
Capitellum
Radial head
Internal epicondyle
Trochlea
Olecranon
External epicondyle
· In order: appear at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
years; each closes 2 years later.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis: x-ray signs LOSS:
Loss of joint space
Osteopyhtes
Subcondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts

Honey Comb appearance on Chest X-ray

'CD SPLINTER'

 

Cystic fibrosis, Cystic bronchiectasis
Drugs : Busulphan, Bleomycin, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan and Nitrofurantoin

 

Scleroderma

Pneumoconioses
Langerhan cell histiocytosis 

Interstitial lung diseases, Idiopathic interstitial fibrosis ( Fibrosing necrotizing alveolitis )
Neurofibromatosis 

Tuberous sclerosis 

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Chest X-ray

The main regions where a chest X-ray may identify problems may be summarized as ABCDEF by their first letters:

• Airways, including hilar adenopathy or enlargement
• Breast shadows
• Bones, e.g. rib fractures and lytic bone lesions
• Cardiac silhoutte, detecting cardiac enlargement
• Costophrenic angles, including pleural effusions
• Diaphragm, e.g. evidence of free air
• Edges, e.g. apices for fibrosis, pneumothorax, pleural thickening or plaques
• Extrathoracic tissues
• Fields (lung parenchyma), being evidence of alveolar filling
• Failure, e.g. alveolar air space disease with prominent vascularity with or without pleural effusions

colour doppler flow

shared by  Saurabh Gupta

BART

Blue - Away

Red - Towards

Honeycomb Lung

BIG SHIP

Bleomycin
Idiopathic
Granulomas 
Sarcoid
Histiocytosis X
Interstitial pneumonia
Pneumoconiosis

Lung cancer: notorious consequences SPEECH:

Superior vena cava syndrome
Paralysis of diaphragm (Phrenic nerve)
Ectopic hormones
Eaton-Lambert syndrome
Clubbing
Horner syndrome/ Hoarseness

Lung cancer: main sites for distant metastases BLAB:

Bone
Liver
Adrenals
Brain

Prognotic factors for cancer: general PROGNOSIS:

Presentation (time & course)
Response to treatment
Old (bad prog.)
Good intervention (i.e. early)
Non-compliance with treatment
Order of differentiation (>1 cell type)
Stage of disease
Ill health
Spread (diffuse)

Esophageal cancer: risk factors ABCDEF:

Achalasia
Barret's esophagus
Corrosive esophagitis
Diverticuliis
Esophageal web
Familial

Neck sagittal x-ray: examination checklist ABCD:

Anterior: look for swelling
Bones: examine each bone for fractures
Cartilage: look for slipped discs
Dark spots: ensure not abnormally big, or could mean excess blood

Mass in anterior mediastinum: Causes

"4 T's"

• Thyroid enlargement (Retrosternal extension)
• Thymoma
• Teratoma
• "Terrible" Lymphoma