Apical Fibrosis

THE SCARS

TB
Histoplasmosis
Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis
Silicosis
Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Radiotherapy
Sarcoidosis

Osteoarthritis: x-ray signs LOSS:

Loss of joint space
Osteopyhtes
Subcondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts

Lung cancer: main sites for distant metastases BLAB:

Bone
Liver
Adrenals
Brain

Prognotic factors for cancer: general PROGNOSIS:

Presentation (time & course)
Response to treatment
Old (bad prog.)
Good intervention (i.e. early)
Non-compliance with treatment
Order of differentiation (>1 cell type)
Stage of disease
Ill health
Spread (diffuse)

Esophageal cancer: risk factors ABCDEF:

Achalasia
Barret's esophagus
Corrosive esophagitis
Diverticuliis
Esophageal web
Familial

Neck sagittal x-ray: examination checklist ABCD:

Anterior: look for swelling
Bones: examine each bone for fractures
Cartilage: look for slipped discs
Dark spots: ensure not abnormally big, or could mean excess blood

Mass in anterior mediastinum: Causes

"4 T's"

• Thyroid enlargement (Retrosternal extension)
• Thymoma
• Teratoma
• "Terrible" Lymphoma