- Pericardial effusion, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary hypertension (chronic)
- Quantity of fluid is more (fluid overload)
- Right heart failure
- Superior venacaval obstruction (distended veins without pulsation)
- Tricuspid regurgitation, Tricuspid stenosis, Tamponade (cardiac)
Atrial contraction against a closed tricuspid valve results in a large venous pulsation, called a 'Cannon wave'. It can occur in instances of atrioventicular dissociation, for example, complete heart block.
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