Macrocytic anaemia: differential

FAT RBC:
Fetus (pregnancy)
Alcohol
Thyroid disease(ie hypothyroidism)
Reticulocytosis
B12 and folate deficiency
Cirrhosis and chronic liver disease

Nephritic syndrome: glomerular diseases commonly presenting as nephritic syndrome

PARIS:
Post-streptococcal
Alport's
RPGN
IgA nephropathy
SLE
· Alternatively: PIG ARMS to include Goodpasture's [one cause of RPGN], Membranoproliferative [only sometimes included in the classic nephritic list].

Portal hypertension: features

ABCDE:
Ascites
Bleeding (haematemesis, piles)
Caput medusae
Diminished liver
Enlarged spleen

Mnemonic for indications of Dialysis: AEIOU

1. Acidosis
2. Electrolyte abnormalities-hyperkalemia
3. Ingestion of substances like barbiturates, salicylates, lithium, methanol, etc
4. Overload fluid (unresponsive to diuretics)
5. Uremia symptoms (pericarditis, encephalopathy

Drugs causing gynaecomastia.

‎"DESI Gossypol R Most Common Cause oF Gynaecomastia in Kommon People"

D- Digitalis
E-Ethionamide,Estrogen
S-Spirinolactone

I- INH

Gossypol-Griseofulvin
R- Reserpine
Most-Methyl dopa
Common- Cyperoterone acetate,cimitidine,
Cause-clomiphine,Calcium antagonist
oF-Flutamide
Gynaecomastia- Goserelin
Kommon-Ketoconazole
People-Phenytoin.

Sodium valproate: side effects

VALPROATE:
Vomiting
Alopecia
Liver toxicity
Pancreatitis/ Pancytopenia
Retention of fats (weight gain)
Oedema (peripheral oedema)
Anorexia
Tremor
Enzyme inhibitor

Anti-hypertensives used in emergencies...

Antihypertensives used in emergencies.... . Singh & Gambhir HELP S-sodium nitroprusside G-GTN  H-hydralazine E-esmolol  L-labetalol P-phentolamine