Giant cell tumour..10 E

shared by Ram Prasad Bhati

Epiphyseal
Eccentric
Egg shell crackling
Expansile
En block Excision is Rx
Erosion of cortex
Edema n pain r main cmplaints
End f tibia femur and radius are common sites
Entry into adjacent areas absent (no metastasis)
"Ek" lesion (solitory)

GI bleeding: causes

shared by  Era's lucknow medical college and hospital

ABCDEFGHI:
Angiodysplasia
Bowel cancer
Colitis

Diverticulitis/ Duodenal ulcer
Epitaxis/ Esophageal (cancer, esophagitis, varices)
Fistula (anal, aortaenteric)
Gastric (cancer, ulcer, gastritis)
Hemorrhoids
Infectious diarrhoea/ IBD/ Ischemic bowel

colour doppler flow

shared by  Saurabh Gupta

BART

Blue - Away

Red - Towards

Heart failure: signs & symptoms

shared by  Abdishakour Ibrahim

 

Heart failure: signs

TAPED TORCH:

T achycardia
A scites
P ulsus alternans

E levated jugular venous pressure
D isplaced apex beat

T hird heart sound
O edema
R ight ventricular heave
C repitations or wheeze
H epatomegaly (tender).

Vein without valve

shared by  Sangita Raila

 

Vein without valve

I-internal jugular v. ,

P-pulmonary.v ,

S-superior venacava, S-sinuses of brain

Functions of lateral v/s medial pterygoid muscles

shared by Mir Ahmed Khoso

Functions of lateral v/s medial pterygoid muscles

Look at how your jaw ends up when saying first syllable of lateral or medial!
La: your jaw is open now ,so lateral opens mouth
Me :your jaw is still closed ,so medial closes the mandible

VERAPAMIL

 shared by Shikha Priya

 

VERAPAMIL

CLASS- 4 Antiarrhythmic drugs

V- control VENTRICULAR rate in AF or AFI
E- ERP increased (A-V nodal)

R- RR interval increased; Reccurent arrhythmia
A- Antiarrhythmic
P- PSVT; PR interval increased
A- Automacity decreased
M- Muscle relaxant
I- negative Ionotropic action
L- action on L-type Ca channel

Nematodes in intestines

sharedd by  Nirav Parmar

 

Nematodes in intestines.
Small intestine : NASA -

necator
ancylostoma
strongyloids
ascaris

large intestine ET :
enterobius
trichura

Citric acid cycle compounds

shared by Shubhrat Misurya

 

Citric acid cycle compounds

"Oh Citric Acid Is Of (course) A SiLly STupid Funny Molecule":

Oxaloacetate

Citrate
Aconitate
Isocitrate
Oxalosuccinate
Alpha-ketoglutarate
SuccinyL-CoA
SuccinaTe dehydrogenase
Fumarate
Malate

· SilLy and sTupid used to
differentiate succinyL and succinaTe

Sinuses which are drained in Middle Meatus!

shared by  Rajesh Maharjan

 

Sinuses which are drained in Middle Meatus!
 

FAME is drained in Middle
meatus!
 

F- Frontal sinus
 

A- Anterior ethmoidal sinus

M-Maxillary sinus
 

E- Ethmoidal middle sinus!!!

Lower limb : lumbar plexus

shared by  Shubhrat Misurya

 

'' I Twice Get Laid On Fridays ''

first alphabet of each word gives u a nerve .

Illiohypogatric n.

Illioinguinal n.
Genitofemoral n.
Lateral cutaneous n.
Obturator n.
Femoral n.

or

'' 2 from 1 , 2 from 2 , 2 from 3 ''

study the diagram to understand dis one !!!

Cephalosporins

shared by Muhammad Waliullah Qureshi

Cephalosporins are active against many bacteria, but these special bacteria make them CALM (Ineffective)

remembr: CALM

C=CLAUSTRIDIUM

A=ACTIVE ENTEROCOCCI
L=LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
M= MRSA (METHICILLIN RESISTENT STAPHYLOCOCCI

so dont b calm, try any other anti-microbial drug! Hehe

LIDOCAINE

shared by Shikha Priya

LIDOCAINE

(antiarrhythmic drug- subclass 1B)

L- local anasthetic
I- ICU popular antiarrythmic
D- digitalis toxicity used
O- orally inactive
C- cinetidine+ propanolol
A- decrease Automacity
I- inactivated Na Channel blocker
N- nystagmus
E- eye blurred vision, ECG change

Peripheral signs of aortic regurgitation

(Thanks to  Saurabh Patel)

 

ARathi Got Low Quality BCG, DPT & MMR from PHC

AR- Aortic Regurgitation

G=gerhard sign

L=landolfis sign, lighthouse sign

Q=quinckes sign

B=becker sign
C=corrigans neck sign
G=gerhard sign

 

D=de mussets sign, duroziez sign
P=pistol shot femorals, pulse pressure wide

T=traubes sign
 

M=muller sign
M=mayne sign
R=rosenbch sign
 

P=pulsus bisferiens
H=hills sign
C=collapsing pulse(corrigans pulse)

Oncogenic viruses

Oncogenic viruses :

DNA viruses

'HE is my PAPa'

Hepatitis B virus
Epstein Barr virus
Pox virus
Adenovirus
Pappilloma virus

RNA viruses

'His Salary Feeds Me'

Human T cell leukemia virus
Sarcoma viruses
Feline Leukemia virus
Mammary tumor virus

Differentials Of "FLEA BITTEN KIDNEY"

(Thanks to Anuthara Charms )

Differentials Of "FLEA BITTEN KIDNEY"- 

 

We Hate PSM (or SPM)

W- Wegener's granulomatosis
H- Henoch schonlein purpura P- Post-streptococcal  Glomerulonephritis (PSGN). Polyarteritis nodosa
S- Sub acute bacterial endocarditis (SABE), SLE, Syndrome of Good Pasteur
M- Malignant hypertension.

Drugs causing pancreatitis (complete list)

shared by  Iqbal Bashir

GLAD Organ Pancreas iS Traumatised n Destroyed Very Much

Glucocorticoids
L-asparaginase

Alcohol
Diuretics
Ocp's
Pentamidine
Sulfonamides
Didanosine
Tetracyclines

Valproate
Methyldopa

Causes of right iliac fossa mass

(Thanks to Anna-Liisa K Sikwaya)

Causes of right iliac fossa mass

 

CRAB IT
 

Cancer, Crohns 

Reticulo-endothelial (lymphoma)

Appendix mass, Aspergillosis, Amoeba
 

Brucellosis

 Ileal Tuberculosis

 

Fistulas that not heal due to :

shared by  Anna-Liisa K Sikwaya

 

Fistulas that not heal due to FRIENDS

Foreign bodies
Radiation
Infection/Inflammation
Epithelialization

Neoplasms
Distal obstruction
Short fistulas

Symptoms of Aortic Stenosis

shared by Jai Maitra

ASha bhosle is SAD :(

AS (aortic stenosis)

SYNCOPE
ANGINA
DYSPNOEA

Content & veins draining the Cavernous Sinus with Rule of 3

3 Afferent veins: Sphenoparietal sinus (Vault veins), Supf Middle cerebral Vein (Brain), Ophthalmic vein (Orbit)
3 Efferent Veins: Superior petrosal sinus, Inferior Petrosal Sinus, Communicating vein to pterygoid plexus
3 Contents; Cranial Nerves (III,IV, V1,V2 & VI)
3 Areas Drain into it: Vault Bones, Brain (Cerebral Hemisphere), Orbit
3 Nerves: Motor(III,IV,VI),Sensory (V1,V2), Sympathetic

Causes of Chronic Diarrhoea

Remember the 5 Cs as Causes of Chronic diarrhoea: (there are more causes to be added)

Crohn's disease
Colitis (Ulcerative) or Ulcerative Colitis
Coeliac diseases
Cystic fibrosis
Cow's milk intolerance

Fragile X Syndrome

M's of fragile-X Syndrome:

Male
Mental retardation
Macro orchidism
Mutation in FMR1 gene (caused by Methylation of part of chromosome)
Multiple CGG repeats
Maxillary excess (Long face)
Muscle tone decreased
Mothers (females) are obligatory carriers

Clonorchis sinensis

The 'C's of Clonorchis sinensis :
Also called Chinese liver fluke Causes the following:
Cholangio carcinoma
Ca Pancreas
Calculi
Cirrhosis Liver
Cholangitis Cyprinoid fish is the intermediate host
Definite host are fish eaters - Cat, Dog, Man
The infective form is enCysted metaCerCaria

Adhesion Molecules involved in Cancer Pathology

To remember the adhesion molecules involved in invasion by local cancer cells remember FeViCoL:
FibronEctin
VImentin
COllagen
Laminin

Myocardial infarction

Definition (CAP)

• Evidence of myocardial necrosis with any 1 of the following:

1. Cardiac biomarkers (pref. Troponins) showing sudden rise or fall
2. Sudden unexpected cardiac death involving cardiac Arrest
3. Pathological findings of acute MI

 

Signs of MI (windows VISTA)

1. Vagal activation (vomiting, bradycardia)
2. Impaired myocard. Func. (s1,s2 soft; hypotension; inc. JVP; Oliguria; Cold, clammy skin)
3. Sympathetic activation (Pallor, sweating, tachycardia)
4. Tissue damage (Low grade fever)
5. A complication (MR / VSD producing pansystolic murmur

Enzymes elevated in MI (TALC - talcum powder)

1.  Troponin T/I
2.  AST
3.  LDH
4.  CK-MB

Complications of MI

• Immediate (RAILgaadi)

a) RV infarction
b) Arrythmias (VT, AF, VF) - may also be due to I.v. Xylocaine overdose
c) LHF

• Early (PSVT ka MELA laga hua hai !!)

a) Pericarditis

b) Sudden death

c) VSD

d) Thromboembolic complications (Pulmonary, Arterial)

e) MR (Papillary muscle dysfunction or rupture)

f)  LV free wall rupture (Pericardial tamponade)

g) Arterial compl. (same as mentioned in d) )

 

•  Late (PADS)

a) Psychological reaction (DADDA- Denial, Acceptance, Dependency, Depression, Adjustment - this is from earliest change to last)
b) Arrythmias (ventricular like VF, VT)
c) Dressler’s syndrome (Autoimmune phenomenon characterized by fever, pericarditis, pleuritis, pneumonitis)
d) Shoulder (Frozen shoulder) – Pain n stiffness of left shoulde

Causes of Osteoporosis

Causes of osteoporosis are ACCESS :

Alcohol
Corticosteroids
Calcium deficiency (low intake)
Estrogen deficiency
Smoking
Sedentary Lifestyle

Citric Acid Cycle

Here's how to remember the KTC = Kreb's or TCA or Citric acid cycle:

Remember "Citric Acid Is Kreb's Starting Substrate For Mitochondrial Oxidation"

These stands for the substrates in order:

Citric acid
Iso-Aconitase
Iso-citrate
Alpha-Ketoglutarate
Succinyl CoA
Succinate
Fumarate
Maleate
Oxaloacetate

Day of appearance of rash in a febrile patient – Mnemonic

Mnemonic for Day of appearance of rash in a febrile patient is : Very Sick Person Must Take Double Tablets
Very – Varicella (day 1)
Sick – Scarlet fever (day 2)
Person – Pox – small pox (day 3)
Must – Measles (day 4)
Take – Typhus (day 5)
Double – Dengue (day 6)
Tablets – Typhoid (day 7)